Creating Dreams Where Few Dare Dream
22 May 2015
It’s a little past 5 PM on a Friday in Anoopshahr, a town about 100 kilometers north of New
Delhi, and Virendra (Sam) Singh, sitting on a plastic lawn chair, is holding court in the
expansive front porch of the girls’ school he founded, PardadaPardadi Educational Society
(PPES). It’s his way of encouraging informal exchanges with his teachers, community
organizers, volunteers and occasionally, parents. As the last of his visitors leave, Singh picks up
his reading materials, usually the day’s Delhi newspaper and a book on current state on the
Indian political economy, strolls across the playground toward the teachers’ lodge, about 100
yards away, separated from the school by a gate, but very much a part of the school complex.
The lodge has a cozy lounge where he joins a few PPES teachers, graduate students interning at
the school and volunteers from the US who stay at the lodge, for some chai and biscuits, served
by a cook/housekeeper assigned full time to the lodge. He chats on the day’s events, in the
school and at large, and after about half hour, takes leave and strolls toward a gray Toyota
Innova van, hands over his papers to the driver and instructs him where to go….downtown to
find the father of a sixth grade girl who stopped coming to school several days ago with no
explanation.
Sonam is the fifth daughter of a cobbler, who repairs shoes in the town market…not in a shop,
but on the road side, using a small wooden crate as his work station. Cobblers from the Kanjar
caste, who skin dead cattle and work with leather, occupy the lowest rung in the caste hierarchy,
often forced to live in the least desirable part of the town. With great difficulty, Singh was able
to convince Sonam’s parents she should be educated ….it is not uncommon for Singh to canvass
door to door convincing parents to educate their children – that’s how he started the school in
2000. Sonam’s four elder sisters never attended school…she was the first one to receive in
elementary education; for her parents, enrolling her in school took some courage. Sending girl
children to school is against the social norms…unthinkable for members of the Kanjar caste that
Sonam belongs to! Singh and teachers at the school were happy to have Sonam among them, and
disappointed when she stopped showing up …and Singh took notice, and added the matter to do
his “to do” list.
In a few minutes Singh’s Toyota reached downtown Anoopshahr, about a kilometer long,
narrow, crowded street where a wide range of hawkers, street food carts and shopkeepers share
the street with meandering cattle, stray dogs and occasionally, monkeys. Sonam’s father, a
diminutive figure, is stationed at an intersection, offering repair services for those passing by;
Singh instructs his driver to stop some fifty yards away. Lest his visit to the shoe repair man for
a conversation should attract unwanted attention, he instructs his driver to fetch Sonam’s father,
which the driver obliges. The cobbler greets him but avoids eye contact, gazing at the ground
instead – Singh’s asks him why his daughter was not in school. The cobbler mumbles, his words
barely audible; says the teachers asked Sonam to leave…an outright lie, according to the
teachers. Singh tells him that just wasn’t the case, and he would personally take responsibility for his daughter, and the cobbler agrees! Victory! One more success! The child does show up at
school the following Monday, gets a warm welcome and a temporary new home – in the
teachers’ lodge, where she will stay, under the watchful eye of one of the teachers, until the
commotion at home about her returning to school slowly peters out and she feels safe.
Sonam’s case is typical of Singh’s approach to leadership. Earlier that day another teacher
brought to his notice that a student in her class behaves like tomboy, prefers to dress in pants and
shirts, and gets teased by her classmates. Singh takes note – he will have a talk with that entire
class next day and let everyone know in no uncertain terms such conduct is not acceptable and
every student and teacher will be treated with respect. A large person, about six feet, usually
dressed in a golf shirt and a Polo windbreaker, always at ease with himself and others, with a
loud, booming voice, his words carefully chosen and articulated, always to the point and
delivered with precision, he projects both personal charm and a command of his environment. As
the founder, brains and driving force behind the PPES, which educates 1,300 girls in a sprawling
threestory complex that houses multifaceted rural development programs. Like a typical multinational
corporate CEO he once was, Singh relies on skilled professionals to run each of the
multifaceted activities. But he watches over the PPES operations like a hawk…where he notices
a serious shortfall in performance or serious violation of policies, he swoops down and takes
control, and usually won’t let go until the issue is resolved to his satisfaction.
Virendra Singh was born as the eldest son of the “zamindar” (feudal landlord) of Bichola. His
family owns hundreds of acres of sugar cane and paddy fields in and around Anoopshahr, and
sprawling mansion that projects wealth and social status, in the middle of a few hundred
thatched roof huts that make up the village of Bichola, about 10 kilometers from Anoopshahr.
After graduating from a college in India, he, like many aspiring young professionals in the
1960’s, headed to the UK and eventually to the US for higher education, graduated as a chemical
engineer and landed a job as a research engineer at the multinational chemical giant DuPont,
where he spent the next 35 years, the last 15 as CEO of the company’s operations in India. He
was offered an opportunity to spearhead the company’s expansion into China, but he felt a
different calling. He wanted to redirect his life away from the corporate ladder, return to his
village, reclaim his rights to the family estate, not to live a life of comfort and leisure but to start
something new and pioneering, to improve the lives of the people in his village. Before setting
off pursuing his ambitions, he visited Dharamasala and spent a few days with the Dalai Lama,
and felt enriched and inspired by the experience. With his two daughters comfortably settled,
either at colleges or in jobs, he commandeered a hundred acre parcel of land in Anoopshahr and
decided to sink his substantial retirement benefit package to start a school for girls that in a few
years would become the town’s major source of education, vocational training, economic
development and jobs.
Anoopshahr may be 100 kilometers east of Delhi, but it’s a different world altogether. Lunch for
two at a mid-range Delhi restaurant costs more than the average monthly income of many
Anoopshahr households. The province of Uttar Pradesh, where the town is located, is the most
populous and poorest in India. The area where Singh wanted to make a dent is characterized by
abject poverty, illiteracy, strict caste hierarchy often enforced by threat of violence, minimal government infrastructure, corruption at all levels of government across the board and general
lawlessness – kidnappings are a cottage industry and honor killings are considered routine and go
unreported. Traditional Muslim families account for a large percentage of the population.
Average household income in the villages, less than Rs. 1,000 ($15) a month, average literacy
41% and only one in four children enrolled in a school. The villages are technically “wired” but
power is made available only a few hours a day, if at all – just long enough to charge cell phones
for those well off enough to have them. Singh felt educating girls is the key to social change and
rural development – an educated girl is likely to find a job, avoid unwanted pregnancies and help
educate her children in turn. Singh also knew his project would take years, perhaps decades, to
make a dent. He knew also the odds were heavily against him – educational aspirations are
either low or do not exist at all; families overwhelmingly prefer male children, girl children not
valued and educating them considered a waste as boys there do not like educated girls, local and
state governments try every weapon in their arsenal to block rural development projects, as the
ruling (Congress) party had long preferred to keep the state’s population uneducated and
dependent on government handouts, since that ensures a lock on blocks of voters.
Singh developed a unique, creative model to implement his ideas on promoting girl child
education. He chose the name, Pardada-Pardadi, meaning great grant parents, to send a message
of reverence for the elders. The name is value-neutral and nonthreatening, which is important in
a community that easily feels threatened by any outside ideas. He wanted to address the
questions parents would raise before they were even asked, such as expenses of school and
books, taking girls away from household chores and where the PardadaPardadi pathway would
take them. The school would provide free schooling kindergarten through high school; education
wouldn’t be just book learning but valuecentered, inculcating and reinforcing the values of selfrespect,
selfconfidence, independence, honesty and workethic. All children would receive free
books, uniforms plus three meals a day – big incentive for parents in a subsistence economy.
After sixth grade, girls who do not live near the school would receive a bicycle to commute to
school, and a school bus would transport those who live too far to bicycle. And the final
incentive – this is really a big deal – is that the school would open bank accounts for each student
and deposit Rs. 10 for every day the girls attend school. With compound interest, girls who
begin in first grade and continue through 12th grade would stand to collect up to Rs. 40,000…a
princely sum in a region where average monthly household income is under Rs. 1,000. But the
money cannot be withdrawn until the girls reaches at least 10th grade.
Singh became the sole salesman for his school, explaining his ideas and canvassing door to door
in the villages. Eventually he recruited 45 students, enough to launch the school. Every girl
received books, uniforms, free meals and promise of Rs. 10 each day. Within in weeks, the
parents sold the uniforms and books, and 26 of the 45 girls dropped out. But that didn’t stop
Singh from forging ahead. Rest is history.
Today Pardada-Pardadi’s enrollment is near 1,300 – the maximum current facility can hold. Singh has been able to implement most of his vision – today Pardada Pardadi’s comprehensive
approach encompasses traditional class room education with the values of individuality and selfrespect
infused into the curriculum, English language instruction, handson instruction in
personal hygiene, vocational education, arts and crafts workshops, cooking skills and handson
training in leadership skills. School typically begins at 10 AM every morning, when all 1,300
children gather in a large atrium in the middle of the school complex; students by rotation are
assigned assemblyrelated duties, such as thumping a drum to bring the assembly to order. The
school emphasizes practical and life skills at every turn. Fifteen girls by rotation are assigned
kitchen duties every day – under supervision, they cook, serve and clean up. Meals typically
consist of chapatis or bread, dal (legumes) or beans and fresh vegetables. A bakery in the
complex bakes fresh bread, puffs and cookies, served as morning and afternoon snacks.
In the three full days spent at the school, this writer did not notice a single instance of a class
room without a teacher, a teacher speaking harshly toward a student, students squabbling among
themselves or playground friction. All corridor, workshops and classrooms are clean and free of
garbage. Students seem to relish greeting visitors or showing off their newly learned English
speaking skills. But the code of conduct doesn’t seem enforced by teachers – the values are
made integral to the education process from grade one, and it shows.
A combined vocational education and economic development programme at Pardada-Pardadi
includes a fully equipped commercial tailoring shop that under contract manufactures garment
bags for a major luggage company – girls who participate in the program are paid for each
finished piece. Girls learn highly skilled embroidery work making designer napkins, dining table
runners, bed spreads and comforters sold in PardadaPardadi’s own retail outlet in Delhi, as well
as in boutique shops in Europe. In another section of the school, girls learn to sew sanitary pads
from waste cotton materials. These pads are made available to the girls at a nominal cost, and
also sold to institutions.
Singh sees his school as the center piece of a comprehensive rural development effort. In
addition to the tailoring, he opened a call center that employs girls trained in spoken Hindi and
English. The call center so far has one client – a popular, high-end Hindu religious theme park
in the suburbs of Delhi, and the school’s marketing staff is working on securing others. The
school encourages students to introduce their mothers and sisters to training and job
opportunities at the school, which also recruits teachers, administrative aides, clerks and
maintenance workers from the community. The school has also initiated an innovative
community development and financial literacy project, under which community organizers go
into villages to organize savings clubs – members contribute as little as Rs. 5 ($0.09) per day to a
community loan fund; two members of the club are entrusted with securing the fund – one keeps
the money in a small, lockable metal safe, while the other holds the key. Club members in
genuine need can borrow from the fund at a nominal interest rate, a small fraction of what local
money lenders charge.
The village is wired for electricity but the wires usually run dry. Besides, many families cannot
afford the cost of wiring their homes. The school started a community battery powered lantern
lending programme to help children read at night. Solar panels help charge the lanterns during
the day and villagers can check out the lanterns at dusk and return them next morning.
The school complex today consists of a three-story, square shaped building, with class rooms and
offices on all four sides, with a 50feet high atrium in the center that serves as gathering place for
the morning assembly, dining and snack room during school hours and indoor sports area after
school hours. The building houses all the classes, kitchen and dining facilities, a science lab,
computer lab and vocational training facilities. Personal hygiene instruction is held in a separate
building equipped with sinks and showers. Yet another freestanding structure houses the
bakery. The teachers lodge, recently added, provides furnished single rooms with attached baths
for teachers, Indian and foreign volunteers and a school nurse, and includes a kitchen and the
services of a fulltime cook and housekeeper.
An industrial strength diesel-powered generator runs the all school hours to ensure power for all
class rooms, offices, vocational training centers and the computer lab. A fleet of three school
buses transport children from villages too far to bicycle.
Posters mounted on kiosks with messages such as – “I will choose my own husband”, “I will
choose my own career” “I care about my health” dot the school grounds…messages that go
contrary to the prevailing village culture. The school is indeed a protected oasis – protected by
high metal gates with guards that screen visitors and hand out badges to official visitors.
Singh’s golden retirement parachute provided the startup funds for the school 13 years ago.
Today the school’s annual budget is about Rs. 23,500,000 ($400,000) and funding comes from
numerous individual supporters as well as grants from Indian businesses and foundations. The
school received no government support. Singh has developed fundraising support groups in the
UK and US – these groups contribute about $150,000 a year.
Pardada Pardadi students score 100% success rate graduating high school to date 260 girls have
graduated, with an additional 40 to 50 in the pipeline each year. Dropout rate has been cut from
85% in the early years to 12%. The school ensures that those graduating are placed in jobs or
offered scholarships for college or technical education. Graduating girls have been placed in
jobs, thirteen so far within Pardada Pardadi complex, and thirteen in the hospitality industry,
fashion design and call centers. Twenty girls have been awarded scholarships to pursue degree
program in information technology in Bangalore, and one girl is headed to the US on a oneyear
scholarship awarded by the US Embassy. Girls graduating enjoy higher status in their
communities. The school to date has made a significant impact on 2,000 of the 40,000 families
in the school’s catchment area.
Pardada Pardadi is not just a school it’s more apt to call it an ambitious social engineering
project, with the school serving as a center piece, its reach extending into personality and
leadership development, vocational training, career development, community building and
economic development. The school runs operates 12 months of the year with no breaks! Singh
envisions expanded vocational training and a new university with rural development and teacher
training as its primary areas of focus. He would like to set aside a large parcel of land in Bichola
to build a new hospital, and would convert his family mansion into a luxury lodge to serve as an
incentive to attract doctors and nurses. He has already willed the bulk of is estate to the school.
Projects clicking in his mind currently include a community radio station and a street theater.
Singh sees his approach as holistic, and vehemently refutes any notion that the multifaceted
programmes are a distraction from the organization’s primary mission – educating girls. The
school is his dream, his life’s work. His approach is that of a corporate CEO that he was. At 74,
he shows no signs of slackening. His division heads keep the operations humming but no little
detail escapes him, and he has his finger on the pulse. Never out of ideas or resources, he is on
the go about 10 hours a day, intervening when his intervention alone would make a difference,
receiving representatives from companies, showing around new volunteers, travelling to other
innovative schools in search of new innovative ideas and of course, mobilizing new resources.
He spends the summer months in the US with his two daughters, both accomplished
professionals, devoting much of his time building new support groups and visiting potential
funding sources. He even has a plan to carry forward his dream after him. He lives in a large
luxurious penthouse condominium worth millions, in Gurgaon, an upscale suburb of Delhi.
Whichever daughter opts to move to India to carry forward his dream would inherit his
condominium, he says.
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- By Janaki Ram Ray
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